For the United Kingdom, which was part of the European Union until 31 January 2020, a separate speech must be made, the rules of which were also respected with regard to the introduction of summer time. For 2021, it will still follow the same dates and modalities after the Northern Ireland node has not yet been resolved. The decision on how to proceed in the coming years will certainly be influenced by the decision to abolish the time change in the European Union. In the reverse passage (which takes place on the last Sunday of October), when 3:00 am is triggered, the clock is reset by one hour (CET standard time returns, UTC + 1), that is, the time that starts at 2:00 am and ends at 3:00 am is repeated twice. The start of daylight saving time in March requires moving our hands forward and, as we have theoretically seen, we can sleep an hour less. This change can impact the human body, as it can alter sleep-wake cycles and circadian rhythms. In general, tropical countries do not adopt daylight saving time because daylight time fluctuations throughout the year are minimal and do not allow enough hours of light in the morning to advance an hour to add light to the evening. With summer time, the sun rises later, but the light in the evening lasts longer, from autumn it reverses: more light in the morning, but in the evening the sun sets earlier. However, northern European countries, led by Finland and Sweden, disagree. The possibility of having more light available thanks to summer time is particularly advantageous for southern European countries. In the north, on the other hand, summer days are already very long due to the proximity of the North Pole. In Finland, for example, the sun rises before four in the morning on longer days and sets almost at 23:00.
The hour saved is therefore neither used to have more light in the evening, nor to save energy. The idea of introducing summer time stems from the need to optimize the use of sunlight in order to save energy consumption, a problem that was felt very strongly, especially during the energy crisis of the 60s and 70s. In Switzerland, summer time was first introduced in 1981. It has followed the European Union`s timetable since 1996. Since 2011, Russia has decided to maintain only daylight saving time instead of winter time throughout the year. When traveling the world, it is important to know the schedules of the different countries, you need to know the time zone differences and the presence of daylight saving time or solar time. In fact, daylight saving time is not common in all countries. The international name for daylight saving time is Daylight Saving Time – DST, which explains the nature of the time change. Summer time shall be applied to all Member States of the European Community in accordance with the procedures laid down for Italy.
Countries like China, Maldives, India, Thailand, Tunisia, Zanzibar, Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles, Philippines and Egypt do not have daylight saving time. These schedules were chosen because they are the ones where train and other public transport traffic is kept to a minimum, thus minimizing misalignments from the scheduled daily schedules. Note that summer time starts at the same time throughout the Union: if the change between 2 and 3 takes place in Central Europe, it takes place between one and 2 in the Republic of Ireland and Portugal, and between 3 and 4 in Greece, Bulgaria and Romania. We have already mentioned that daylight saving time comes into effect on the last Sunday in March, winter time on the last Sunday in October. Daylight saving time, originally scheduled for 1965, was set for 1966. [22] Terna, the company responsible for managing electricity flows in the high-voltage grid in Italy, estimates the savings made possible each year by the introduction of summer time. The following table presents these data for a few years. Initially, winter time was maintained in some regions at the request of workers` organizations in the workplace; For example, starting Sunday, March 21, tram employees were put into service one hour later than daylight saving time. On Monday 22, city employees were threatened with severe measures for not adapting to the new schedule; The situation has become confusing due to the application of two different schedules in the city.
[9] [10] In Biella, there was a general strike of the textile industry to protest against summer time. [11] On Tuesday 23rd, city employees protested. [12] The “Metallurgical Industry” plant, owned by FIAT, employed about 1,500 workers; For shifts, it had been agreed to keep winter time in shifts, but there was a protest against the adjustment of the hands of internal clocks to daylight saving time. Five workers postponed the clock and were dismissed despite management`s refusal. The workers began a strike in the occupied factory. The police also intervened, who were called by management, but there were no incidents. On the morning of the 24th. On Wednesday, two red flags and a black flag of an anarchist circle were displayed on the roof; Outside in the morning, the number of active ingredients and carabinieri was increased, but many were removed in the afternoon because there were no accidents or damage to the plant.
However, the lack of agreement prolonged the state of agitation of the workers, who were evacuated in the evening without incident. [13] However, the strike spread to the entire metal sector in the following days, when disputes erupted that led to a ten-day general strike of 400,000 workers to reach a concordat. [14] Brazil has three different time zones and not all regions of Brazil use daylight saving time. Daylight saving time in Italy is the anticipation of an hour to enjoy the summer presence of the sun in the morning. Summer time was introduced by the Kingdom of Italy from 1916 and from 1940 on the occasion of the two world wars during two periods; From 1966 it was taken over in a stable form. We indicate the date and time of the start and end of daylight saving time in Italy from midnight on June 4, 1916, when daylight saving time was first introduced in our country. Please note that until 2012, summer time was introduced in Italy year after year in accordance with EU regulations, however, with the Law of 4 June 2010 No. 96, art. 22, the European Directive 2000/84/EC has been implemented, which for all countries of the European Union common dates and times for the beginning and end of summer time or the last Sunday of March at 01:00 UTC (02:00 Italian solar time) and the last Sunday of October at 01:00 UTC (03:00 Italian summer time).
Other countries outside the European Union, including Switzerland, comply with this convention. In the United States of America, as of 2007, daylight saving time begins on the second Sunday in March at 02:00 local time (based on the 6 different time zones of the United States territory) and returns to winter time on the first Sunday in November.